OpenAI 将在欧盟默认给 ChatGPT 输出加水印
OpenAI will watermark ChatGPT outputs by default—but only in the EU
OpenAI 宣布将在欧盟默认对 ChatGPT 生成的文本自动加水印，其他地区也可使用但默认关闭，此举是为遵守 8 月生效的欧盟 AI 法案。其水印方法为专有的 textGrain，通过不易察觉的用词模式让持有密钥的专用检测器识别；OpenAI 称检测器初期只开放给少数研究者和机构，其他方需申请审批。文章指出 SynthID、C2PA 等现有标准都较容易规避，OpenAI 的水印可能同样如此。
OpenAI will begin automatically watermarking text generated with ChatGPT in the European Union, the company has announced. It will also offer the watermarking feature in other regions, but it will be off by default outside of the EU.
The move in Europe is driven by a need to comply with the EU AI Act, which took effect in August. It requires marking content produced by AI models in a way that another tool can detect. Unfortunately, there is still no completely effective and reliable way to do that. A few standards already exist, like SynthID and the C2PA project, but they are relatively easy to circumvent for anyone with basic know-how.
The same is likely true for OpenAI's watermark. Its method is proprietary; the company calls it textGrain, and has published a technical paper explaining how it works. But in general, it works like other LLM watermarking tools we've seen in the past: It puts patterns in the word choices that are not clear to a human reader and that don't meaningfully change the general quality of the output, but that someone with a key can use a specialized detector to find. OpenAI says it will be giving access to the detector to a limited number of researchers and organizations and providing a request-for-approval process for others to be added over time.
来源：Ars Technica · AI · arstechnica.com